SUNDA
RHINOCEROS(Rhinoceros sondaicus)
created by : Muhammad Fathan Hidayat
The Sunda rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus), also known as the Sunda rhinoceros or lesser one-horned rhinoceros, is a very
rare member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one
of five extant rhinoceroses. It belongs
to the same genus as the Indian rhinoceros, and has
similar mosaicked, armour-like skin, but at 3.1–3.2 m (10–10 ft) in length
and 1.4–1.7 m (4.6–5.6 ft) in height, it is smaller (closer in size to
the black rhinoceros of the
genus Diceros). Its horn is
usually shorter than 25 cm (9.8 in), and is smaller than those of the
other rhino species. Only adult males have horns; females lack them altogether.
Once the most widespread of Asian rhinoceroses, the Sunda rhinoceros
ranged from the islands of Java and Sumatra, throughout
Southeast Asia, and into India and China. The species
is critically
endangered, with only one known population in the wild, and no
individuals in captivity. It is possibly the rarest large mammal on Earth,[5]:21 with a population of as few as 58 to 61 in Ujung Kulon National Park at the
western tip of Java in Indonesia.
Sunda
Rhinocerosscientific classification
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R. sondaicus
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Life Cycle
A rhino calf is born after a gestation period of
roughly 475 days, or about 16 months. However, the mother may be pregnant with
her calf for as long as 18 months. Only one calf is born per pregnancy, and
arrives in the world covered in red-brown hair. This hair protects the calf
from the elements, keeping it warm at night and preventing sunburn during the
day.
When the calf is about two years old (for males) to four
years old (for females), it will break away from its mother to pursue its own
solitary, independent life. This gives the mother the opportunity, after
several years with her calf, to look for a mate and bear another young rhino,
which she will not do whilst still caring for an older calf. Since both males
and females need to establish their own territory once they leave their
mothers, it is important that they are strong enough to do so for themselves.
For this reason, female calves will stay under the protection of their mothers
for longer, while males tend to get stronger and bigger quicker.
To establish its own territory is no mean feat for a
rhinoceros. It will be chased from many areas by other rhinos that have already
claimed these territories as their own. It will need to be able to hold its own
in a battle with one of these, or know when to run.
The female rhino will be ready to begin mating at
around four years of age, while males tend to start looking for a mate at about
seven years old. After mating, the male and female rhino will part ways and not
have much more to do with one another. The male will continue to mate with as
many females as possible, but will not be involved in the rearing of any of his
young.
After a life of roaming the plains, copulating and, in
the case of a female, rearing the young, the rhino will eventually die. Sadly,
not many rhinoceroses reach an age that allows them the dignity of dying of
natural causes. Rather, they are being savagely hunted and slaughtered for
their horns, which are believed to have medicinal powers, and are also sold for
their sheer ornamental appeal. It is essential that effective, legal measures
be put into place and enforced to prevent the total annihilation of this
magnificent animal.
The Uniqueness
1.Used Scattered Regional Area
The scientific name of Javan Rhinoceros is Rhinoceros sondaicus; from the
Greek "rhino", meaning "nose" and "ceros" meaning
"horn". Sondaicus is derived from the word "Sunda," the
western part of Java. Also indicates a series of large Sunda islands
covering the Indonesian archipelago in the western part of Sumatra, Kalimantan,
Java to the Lesser Sunda Islands namely Nusa Tenggara.
In the past, Javan rhinoceros is believed to spread in Southeast Asia,
Sumatra to Java. The last individual outside the TNUK in Java was shot dead by
a hunter in Tasikmalaya in 1934. Currently the specimen can be seen at the
Bogor Zoological Museum. This is the only complete specimen Javan rhinoceros
that can be seen by visitors.
2.Skin and Myth Around Rhino Rhinoceros
Javan rhinoceros skin has a kind of crease that looks like
wearing a steel shield. Has an appearance similar to the Indian rhinoceros but
the body and head are smaller with fewer folds. The upper lip is more prominent
so it can be used to reach food and put it in the mouth. Rhinos include shy and
solitary types (loners).
Javan rhino has one horn (another species has two horns).
Its horn is the smallest horn of all rhinoceros, its length between 20 cm to 27
cm. Javan rhino rarely uses his horn to fight, but uses it to
move the mud in the puddles, or to pull the plants in order to be eaten and
open the stub through the thick vegetation.
There is nothing to do between the rhinoceros horn with the
powerful myths of medicine. Rhinoceros horn is made of hardened keratin
material, identical with horn or buffalo or cow's nails.
3.Proliferation Slow
Since the last few years the rhino census in Ujung Kulon shows a
steady amount. Some camera trap results show the rhinoceros who was caught on
camera with the parent. However, the reproductive rate of Javan Rhino is
relatively slow; females give birth to one in 4-5 years intervals, after 15 to
16 months of gestation. Moreover, Javan rhinoceros is a species that spends most of its time
by being alone. The average age of this rhino is between 40 years to 45 years.
The results of monitoring the Java rhino in 2013 in
Ujung Kulon National Park (TNUK) through recording surveillance
camera estimated the population of 58 individuals.
4.Rhino is a Herbivor
The adult Javan Rhinoceros weighs 900 - 2300 kg, and is estimated to
eat 50 kg of food per day! Javan Rhinoceros are herbivorous animals and eat a variety
of plant species, especially buds, twigs, young leaves and fallen fruits. Most
plants favored by this species grow in sun-exposed areas. The biggest problem
in Ujung Kulon, some rhino feed is similar to bull (Bos javanicus) which causes
them to compete for food.
Another problem is the invasive invasive palm
spreading (Arenga obtusifolia) a type of aren that rapidly proliferates in swamp forests and
lowlands through seeds propagated by civets. Langkap has replaced
the vegetation which is a rhino feed. It is estimated that Langkap has invaded
30 percent of the Ujung Kulon peninsula. Until now there is no effective way to
prevent the development of duplicate.
Question
:
1.
The
Sunda Rhinoceros is a very rare member of the family...
A.
Rhinocerotidae
B.
Rhinocerostiedie
C.
Rhinoceros
Sondonensis
D.
Rhinoceratidae
E.
Rhinoceros
Answer
: A
2.
Once
the most spread of..., the Sunda Rhinoceros ranged from the islands...and...
A.
Asian
Rhinoceroces,Java and Borneo
B.
Asian
Rhinoceroces, India and Java
C.
Southeast
Asia, Java and Sumatera
D.
Southeast
Asia, Borneo and Sumatra
E.
Asian
Rhinoceroces, Java and Sumatra
Answer
: E
3.
The
Sunda Rhinoceros is critically...
A.
Endangered
B.
Extinct
C.
Conservation
Dependent
D.
Near
Threatened
E.
No
Answer
Answer
: A
4.
The
ordo of Sunda Rhinoceros is...
A.
Monotremata
B.
Carnivora
C.
Rodentia
D.
Logomorpha
E.
No
Answer
Answer
: E
5.
A
Rhino calf is born after a gestation period roughly...days, or about...months.
however, the mother my be...with her...as long as...months.
A.
445,15,
pregnant, calf, 17.
B.
478,
16, caring, calf, 20.
C.
473,
15, pregnants,calf, 21.
D.
333,
17, carings, calf, 30.
E.
475,
16, pregnant, calf, 18.
Answer
: E
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References :
´wikipedia with a little change
´http://www.mongabay.co.id/2014/12/13/inilah-7-fakta-unik-tentang-badak-jawa/
´Photo : Google
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